Lesson 2 – Equipment and supplies

This lesson focuses on the equipment necessary for bloods as well as the correct selection and preparation of the equipment

When performing phlebotomy procedures in GP practices, phlebotomists require specific equipment and supplies to ensure the safe and efficient collection of blood specimens. Here is a list of essential items:

• Blood Collection Tubes: These are vacuum-sealed tubes with various additives, used to collect different types of blood samples for specific laboratory tests.
• Needles: Phlebotomy needles are available in different sizes, with the most common being 21- or 22-gauge. They are used to puncture the veins and allow blood to flow into the collection tubes. Needles should be sterile, individually packaged, and properly disposed of after each use.
• Syringes: Syringes may be used as an alternative to vacuum tubes for blood collection, particularly in special circumstances or for small veins. They consist of a barrel, plunger, and attached needle. The appropriate syringe size should be selected based on the anticipated blood volume required.
• Tourniquet: A tourniquet is a stretchable band used to apply pressure around the upper arm to restrict venous blood flow, making it easier to locate and access the veins. It should be comfortable but tight enough to occlude the veins temporarily.
• Alcohol Swabs: Alcohol swabs are used to disinfect the puncture site before blood collection, reducing the risk of infection. Each swab should be sterile, individually packaged, and contain at least 70% isopropyl alcohol.
• Gauze Pads or Cotton Balls: These are used to apply pressure to the puncture site after blood collection, helping to control bleeding and promote clotting. They should be sterile and absorbent.
• Adhesive Bandages: Adhesive bandages, commonly known as plasters, are used to cover the puncture site once bleeding has stopped. They provide protection and prevent contamination.
• Sharps Container: A designated sharps container is required for the safe disposal of used needles, lancets, and other sharp objects. It should be puncture-resistant, sealable, and clearly labelled.

On top of knowing what equipment is necessary, it’s more important to know the correct selection process and preparation for blood taking:

• Sterility: All equipment, including needles, tubes, and swabs, should be sterile and free from contamination. Check expiration dates and packaging security before use.
• Size and Type Selection: Select the appropriate size of needles and tubes based on the patient’s age, vein condition, and the required blood volume. Ensure the correct tube type is selected for the specific laboratory test.
• Equipment Inspection: Before starting the procedure, inspect the equipment for any defects, such as damaged packaging, bent needles, or expired tubes. Discard any items that do not meet the required standards.
• Hand Hygiene: Perform thorough hand hygiene using soap and water or an alcohol-based hand sanitizer before handling any equipment or coming into contact with the patient.
• Equipment Preparation: Assemble all necessary equipment, including tubes, needles, tourniquet, and swabs, in a clean and organized manner before starting the procedure. This ensures a smooth workflow and minimizes contamination risks.
• Disposal: Properly dispose of used needles, lancets, and other sharp objects immediately after use in the designated sharps container. Do not recap or manipulate used needles.

By understanding the equipment necessary as well as following the correct guidelines, you’ll be able to practice safe blood taking in a clinical setting so it’s important to digest all of this information.